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The fraction of the different types of cancer, and of all cancers worldwide and in different regions, has been estimated using several methods; primarily by reviewing the evidence for the strength of the association (relative risk) and the prevalence of infection in different world areas. The estimated total of infection\u2010attributable cancer in the year 2002 is 1.9 million cases, or 17.8% of the global cancer burden. The principal agents are the bacterium\n                    <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    (5.5% of all cancer), the human papilloma viruses (5.2%), the hepatitis B and C viruses (4.9%), Epstein\u2010Barr virus (1%), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) together with the human herpes virus 8 (0.9%). Relatively less important causes of cancer are the schistosomes (0.1%), human T\u2010cell lymphotropic virus type I (0.03%) and the liver flukes (0.02%). There would be 26.3% fewer cancers in developing countries (1.5 million cases per year) and 7.7% in developed countries (390,000 cases) if these infectious diseases were prevented. The attributable fraction at the specific sites varies from 100% of cervix cancers attributable to the papilloma viruses to a tiny proportion (0.4%) of liver cancers (worldwide) caused by liver flukes. \u00a9 2006 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,10]],"date-time":"2006-01-10T17:29:31Z","timestamp":1136914171000},"page":"3030-3044","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2296,"title":["The global health burden of infection\u2010associated cancers in the year 2002"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Donald Maxwell","family":"Parkin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","series-title":"Infections and human cancer. 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