{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T20:05:49Z","timestamp":1787601949598,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,23]],"date-time":"2006-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1143072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lack of reliable prognostic markers hinders accurate prediction of disease progression in prostate cancer. The inducible proinflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase\u20102 (COX\u20102) is implicated in prostate carcinogenesis, but its role in cancer progression is less clear. We examined whether COX\u20102 expression evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens can predict biochemical recurrence. Archival prostate cancer specimens (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 60) were obtained from patients who underwent RP, but had not received neoadjuvant hormonal therapy. Twenty\u2010three patients had biochemical or clinical recurrence (mean time of recurrence: 38.2 months), and 37 patients were recurrence free (mean follow\u2010up: 95 months). COX\u20102 expression was determined by IHC, using an anti\u2010COX\u20102 antibody. Three individuals scored the staining independently, as high\u2010 or low\u2010expression. COX\u20102 was expressed in prostate cancer cells, in adjacent normal glands and in specimens from patients who later progressed. At 62\u2010months follow\u2010up, COX\u20102 staining predicted progression with 82.4% sensitivity and 81.3% specificity. Sensitivity (86.4%) and specificity (86.7%) improved at \u2265 100\u2010months follow\u2010up. In univariate analysis, Gleason score, preoperative PSA, extraprostatic extension, margin, seminal vesicle invasion, and high COX\u20102 expression were significant predictors of biochemical recurrence (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). In multivariate analysis, preoperative PSA (hazard ratio\/unit PSA change 1.080; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.0036) and COX\u20102 expression (hazard ratio 16.442; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001) were independent prognostic indicators. Patients with PSA &gt; 7 ng\/ml and high COX\u20102 expression had the highest probability of recurrence (Kaplan\u2010Meier analysis). COX\u20102 expression is an independent predictor of prostate cancer progression following RP and underscores the significance of inflammatory factors in this process. \u00a9 2006 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21749","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,24]],"date-time":"2006-03-24T01:46:28Z","timestamp":1143164788000},"page":"1082-1087","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Cyclooxygenase\u20102 (cox\u20102) expression is an independent predictor of prostate cancer recurrence"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Brian L.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yohei","family":"Omori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert 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