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We used data from the Skin Cancer Chemoprevention Study to explore the association of NSAID use and with the risk of basal\u2010cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous\u2010cell carcinoma (SCC). 1,805 subjects with a recent history of NMSC were randomized to placebo or 50 mg of daily \u03b2\u2010carotene. Participants were asked about their use of over\u2010the\u2010counter and prescription medications at baseline and every 4 months during the trial. Skin follow\u2010up examinations were scheduled annually with a study dermatologist; confirmed lesions were the endpoints in the study. We used a risk set approach to the analysis of grouped times survival data and unconditional logistic regression to compute odds ratios [ORs] for various exposures to NSAIDs. The use of NSAIDs was reported in over 50% of questionnaires. For BCC, NSAIDs exhibited a weak protective effect in crude analyses, which attenuated markedly after adjustment. For SCC, the use of NSAIDs in the year previous to diagnosis reduced the odds by almost 30% (adjusted OR= 0.71, 95% CI 0.48\u20131.04). When we accounted for frequency of use, results for BCC were not striking, and there were inconsistent suggestions of an inverse association with SCC. There were some indications of a modest, nonsignificant reduction on the number of BCCs and SCCs with NSAID use. Our data suggest a weak and inconsistent chemopreventive effect of NSAIDs on BCC and SCC. \u00a9 2006 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21878","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,23]],"date-time":"2006-02-23T00:17:31Z","timestamp":1140653851000},"page":"682-686","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Effect of NSAIDs on the recurrence of nonmelanoma skin cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Maria V.","family":"Grau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Baron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"Langholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Karagas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. 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