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In spite of this high telomerase activity, ATL cells retained shorter telomeres compared to those of uninfected cells isolated from the same patients. Because the safeguarding of telomere length is critical to the unlimited proliferation of tumor cells, we investigated the underlying mechanism for short telomere maintenance in ATL cells. Transcriptional and posttranscriptional expression of telomere\u2010binding proteins TRF1, TRF2, TIN2 and POT1, known to regulate telomere homeostasis and protection, were evaluated. We found that TRF1 and TRF2 are overexpressed in <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> patient's samples from ATL but not asymptomatic carriers, while levels of POT1 expression did not specifically increase in ATL. To gain insights into the regulation of <jats:italic>TRF<\/jats:italic> genes in HTLV\u2010I infected cells, we investigated the expression of <jats:italic>TIN<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic>, a regulator of these genes, and found an increase in <jats:italic>TIN<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic> expression in ATL patients. Together our results underscore the importance of telomerase and telomere length regulating factors as novel markers for ATL disease progression and as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of HTLV\u2010I\u2010associated malignancies. \u00a9 2006 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.22026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,19]],"date-time":"2006-06-19T22:34:36Z","timestamp":1150756476000},"page":"2090-2097","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Increased expression of telomere length regulating factors TRF1, TRF2 and TIN2 in patients with adult T\u2010cell 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