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New therapeutic targets are currently under investigation, including the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as well as KIT. A number of studies have shown protumorigenic potential of Cyclooxygenase\u20102 (COX\u20102) in a variety of human malignancies, but so far it is unknown whether COX\u20102 is expressed in primary malignancies of the thymus. Using tissue microarrays, the expression of COX\u20102, microsomal\u2010PGES\u20101 and \u2010PGES\u20102 (mPGES\u20101 and mPGES\u20102), as well as EGFR was evaluated in different subtypes of thymoma and thymic carcinomas. COX\u20102 was expressed in all subtypes as determined by immunohistochemistry. Some cases of type B2 and thymic carcinomas had COX\u20102 staining levels classified as mild to moderate. However, when measuring the optical color intensity, no significant differences could be detected. Concerning the expression levels, a weak correlation between the expression of COX\u20102, mPGES\u20101 and mPGES\u20102 as well as EGFR was found. Furthermore, additional cases of thymomas and thymic carcinomas were analyzed by COX\u20102 Western immunoblot analysis and were compared to normal thymi. The analysis showed that thymomas and thymic carcinomas had a significantly stronger COX\u20102 expression than that of the normal thymi (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.04). In summary, COX\u20102 is expressed in all subtypes of thymomas and thymic carcinomas and thus represents, in addition to EGFR and KIT, a potential therapeutic target. Further studies are needed in order to determine whether a combined therapy using COX\u20102 inhibitors in addition to the evolving anti\u2010EGFR antibody therapy may be considered as a treatment option. \u00a9 2006 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.22078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,6]],"date-time":"2006-07-06T08:17:35Z","timestamp":1152173855000},"page":"2063-2070","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["COX\u20102 upregulation in thymomas and thymic carcinomas"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Ralf J.","family":"Rieker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Joos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gunhild","family":"Mechtersheimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hendrik","family":"Blaeker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philipp A.","family":"Schnabel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Morresi\u2010Hauf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erich","family":"Hecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hendrik","family":"Dienemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Schirmacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Kern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-60157-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","volume-title":"Pathology and genetics of tumors of the lung, pleura, thymus and heart. 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