{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T07:21:34Z","timestamp":1790061694921,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,5]],"date-time":"2006-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1152057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command's Breast Cancer Research Program","award":["DAMD17-02-1-0551"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DAMD17-02-1-0551"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study evaluated the potential risk factors for breast cancer in Nigerian women using a case\u2013control design of 250 women with breast cancer and their age\u2010matched female controls. Both cases and controls were recruited from 4 University Teaching Hospitals in Midwestern and Southeastern Nigeria. Data on the clinical and epidemiological characteristics were collected using interviewer\u2010administered structured questionnaires. The mean age of the cases and controls were 46.1 and 47.1 years, respectively. Fifty\u2010seven percent of the cases were premenopausal while 43% were postmenopausal. The association of risk factors with breast cancer was assessed using conditional logistic regression. Positive family history of breast cancer in first\u2010 and second\u2010degree relatives (Odds ratio [OR] = 8.07, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.003, 64.95, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.04), education of high school level and above (OR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.04, 1.74, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.0205), age at first fullterm pregnancy (FFTP) greater than 20 years (OR = 1.32 95% CI 1.01, 1.71, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.0413) and waist\/hip ratio (WHR) (OR = 1.98, 95% CI 1.27, 3.10, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.0026) were associated with increased risk of breast cancer in the final multiple conditional logistic regression model. The findings from this study have shown that sociodemographic characteristics, reproductive variables and anthropometric measures are significant predictors of breast cancer risk in Nigerian women. \u00a9 2006 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.22102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,6]],"date-time":"2006-07-06T08:11:44Z","timestamp":1152173504000},"page":"2179-2185","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Case\u2013control study of risk factors for breast cancer in Nigerian women"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Okobia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clareann","family":"Bunker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Zmuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Candace","family":"Kammerer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Vogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Uche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanley","family":"Anyanwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Ezeome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Ferrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lewis","family":"Kuller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","volume-title":"Report of the workshop on state of the art in oncology in Ibadan and Ife","author":"Solanke TF","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","series-title":"Cancer incidence in five continents","author":"Parkin DM","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800790819"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","first-page":"120","article-title":"Breast cancer in eastern Nigeria: a ten year review","volume":"19","author":"Anyanwu SN","year":"2000","journal-title":"West Afr J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3583430"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MP.0000021764.03552.BD"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr567"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(02)00426-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471722146"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03510030062035"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03510130069033"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009506"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19970529)71:5<800::AID-IJC18>3.0.CO;2-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19970904)72:5<735::AID-IJC5>3.0.CO;2-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.20141"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/83.8.551"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.48.5.447"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3835(94)03681-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114720"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1996.118"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/303767a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116268"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","unstructured":"CIA. 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