{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T20:14:28Z","timestamp":1776111268422,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,2]],"date-time":"2007-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1170374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Insulin\u2010like growth factor 1 (IGF\u20101) and its major binding protein, IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP\u20103) are implicated in lung cancer and other malignancies. We have previously shown that the combination of three major antioxidants [\u03b2\u2010carotene (BC), \u03b1\u2010tocopherol (AT) and ascorbic acid (AA)] can prevent lung carcinogenesis in a 4\u2010(methylnitrosamino)\u20101\u2010(3\u2010pyridyl)\u20101\u2010butanone (NNK)\u2010treated and smoke\u2010exposed (SM) ferret model, which is highly analogous to humans. The present study is aimed at determining the effect of the combination of BC, AT and AA on antioxidant capacity, lymphocyte DNA damage, plasma IGF\u20101 and IGFBP\u20103 concentrations, as well as on IGF\u20101\/IGFBP\u20103 mRNA expression in the tissues (lung and liver) of the ferrets. Ferrets were treated with or without combined antioxidant (BC, AT and AA) supplementation (AOX) for 6 months in the following 4 groups: (<jats:italic>i<\/jats:italic>) control; (<jats:italic>ii<\/jats:italic>) SM+NNK; (<jats:italic>iii<\/jats:italic>) AOX; and (<jats:italic>iv<\/jats:italic>) SM+NNK+AOX. Combined AOX supplementation significantly attenuated SM+NNK induced lymphocyte DNA damage in the ferret, while increasing resistance to oxidative damage when challenged with H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> <jats:italic>in vitro.<\/jats:italic> Ferrets treated with SM+NNK had significantly lower IGFBP\u20103 mRNA expression in lungs, whereas there was significantly higher IGFBP\u20103 mRNA expression in the liver, as well as higher circulating IGFBP\u20103 concentrations. Combined AOX supplementation did not affect the plasma or tissue (lung and liver) ratio of IGF\u20101\/IGFBP\u20103. Combined antioxidant supplementation provides protection against smoke\u2010induced oxidative DNA damage, but does not affect the IGF\u20101\/IGFBP\u20103 system. Differential expression of IGFBP\u20103 in different tissues indicates that caution should be taken when using plasma IGFBP\u20103 as a biomarker of tissue status. \u00a9 2007 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.22320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,3]],"date-time":"2007-02-03T08:50:35Z","timestamp":1170492635000},"page":"1847-1854","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["The effects of combined antioxidant (\u03b2\u2010carotene, \u03b1\u2010tocopherol and ascorbic acid) supplementation on antioxidant capacity, DNA single\u2010strand breaks and levels of insulin\u2010like growth factor\u20101\/IGF\u2010binding protein 3 in the ferret model of lung cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Yuri","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fuzhi","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyung\u2010Jin","family":"Yeum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nalinee","family":"Chongviriyaphan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang\u2010Woon","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert M.","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiang\u2010Dong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0921-8734(89)90001-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2981433"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1218(96)00062-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(98)01173-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja962512c"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","first-page":"1291","article-title":"Antioxidant supplementation decreases oxidative DNA damage in human lymphocytes","volume":"56","author":"Duthie SJ","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgi340"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/92.18.1472"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/erc.0.0100561"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","first-page":"34","article-title":"Insulin\u2010like growth factor\u2010I and binding protein\u20103 and risk of cancer","volume":"51","author":"Giovannucci E","year":"1999","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.138.7.2645"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","first-page":"29","article-title":"Lung cancer, smoking patterns, and mutagen sensitivity in Mexican\u2010Americans","author":"Strom SS","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.138.4.5177"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M002547200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14964","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)82426-7","article-title":"Insulin\u2010like growth factor (IGF)\u2010independent action of IGF\u2010binding protein\u20103 in Hs578T human breast cancer cells. 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