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A search for relevant articles published between 1996 and 2005 (inclusive) was run on Medline, Embase and other databases. From the 749 journal articles retrieved from this search strategy, 18 studies were eligible for this review (2 systematic reviews, 10 cohort studies and 6 case\u2010control studies). The critical appraisal of the studies was performed by two independent reviewers with a list of <jats:italic>ad hoc<\/jats:italic> selected criteria. The synthesis of results was qualitative. Mastectomy and prophylactic gynaecological surgery (oophorectomy or salpingo\u2010oophorectomy) reduced breast and gynaecological cancer incidence in carriers of <jats:italic>BRCA<\/jats:italic> mutations, by comparison to surveillance. However, all the studies presented flaws in internal and external validity, none of these preventive interventions is risk\u2010free, and protection against breast and gynaecological cancer, as well as other cancers linked to <jats:italic>BRCA<\/jats:italic> mutations, is incomplete. No studies comparing surveillance programmes of varying intensity were found. Exposure to drugs (tamoxifen, and oral contraceptives) in women carrying <jats:italic>BRCA<\/jats:italic> mutations was assessed through a limited number of papers. All of these were case\u2010control studies with prevalent cases and presented major methodological flaws. \u00a9 2007 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.22817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,30]],"date-time":"2007-04-30T19:47:47Z","timestamp":1177962467000},"page":"225-231","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Effectiveness of preventive interventions in <i>BRCA<\/i>1\/2 gene mutation carriers: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"M.J.","family":"Bermejo\u2010P\u00e9rez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"M\u00e1rquez\u2010Calder\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Llanos\u2010M\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","first-page":"451","volume-title":"Human genome epidemiology","author":"Chang\u2010Claude J","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","unstructured":"American cancer society: cancer facts and figures 2005. 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