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In recent years, traditional Chinese herbal remedies have gradually gained considerable attention as a new source of anticancer drugs. Although their healing mechanisms are still largely unknown, some of the drugs have been used to help cancer patients fight their disease at reduced side effects compared to other treatments. In our study, we show that Rocaglamide (Roc), derived from the traditional Chinese medicinal plants <jats:italic>Aglaia<\/jats:italic>, induces apoptosis through the intrinsic death pathway in various human leukemia cell lines and in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia cells freshly isolated from patients. Investigation of the molecular mechanisms by which Roc kills tumors revealed that it induces a consistent activation of the stress\u2010response mitogen\u2010activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 accompanied with a long\u2010term suppression of the survival MAPK extracellular signal\u2010regulated kinase. These events affect proapoptotic Bcl\u20102 family proteins leading to depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential and trigger caspase\u2010mediated apoptosis involving caspase\u20109, \u20108, \u20103 and \u20102. Importantly, Roc shows no effects on MAPKs in normal lymphocytes and therefore has no or very low toxicity on healthy cells. Up to now, more than 50 different Roc derivatives have been isolated from <jats:italic>Aglaia<\/jats:italic>. Our study suggests that Roc derivatives may be promising candidates for the development of new drugs against hematologic malignancies. \u00a9 2007 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.22883","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,12]],"date-time":"2007-06-12T19:16:48Z","timestamp":1181675808000},"page":"1839-1846","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["The traditional Chinese herbal compound rocaglamide preferentially induces apoptosis in leukemia cells by modulation of mitogen\u2010activated protein kinase activities"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Jia Y.","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inna N.","family":"Lavrik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Mahlknecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Giaisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Proksch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter H.","family":"Krammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Li\u2010Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np000123x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)00205-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","first-page":"359","volume-title":"Pharmaceutical botany","author":"Kann WS","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","first-page":"43","article-title":"Screening of Indian plants for biological activity. 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