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HPV16 L1E7 chimeric virus\u2010like particles (CVLP) consist of a carboxy\u2010terminally truncated HPV16L1 protein fused to the amino\u2010terminal part of the HPV16 E7 protein and self\u2010assemble by recombinant expression of the fusion protein. The CVLP are able to induce L1\u2010 and E7\u2010specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. We have performed a first clinical trial to gain information about the safety and to generate preliminary data on the therapeutic potential of the CVLP in humans. A randomized, double blind, placebo\u2010controlled clinical trial has been conducted in 39 HPV16 mono\u2010infected high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) patients (CIN 2\/3). Two doses (75 \u03bcg or 250 \u03bcg) of CVLP were applied. The duration of the study was 24 weeks with 2 optional visits after another 12 and 24 weeks. The vaccine showed a very good safety profile with only minor adverse events attributable to the immunization. Antibodies with high titers against HPV16 L1 and low titers against HPV16 E7 as well as cellular immune responses against both proteins were induced. Responses were equivalent for both vaccine concentrations. A trend for histological improvement to CIN 1 or normal was seen in 39% of the patients receiving the vaccine and only 25% of the placebo recipients. Fifty\u2010six percent of the responders were also HPV16 DNA\u2010negative by the end of the study. Therefore, we demonstrated evidence for safety and a nonsignificant trend for the clinical efficacy of the HPV16 L1E7 CVLP vaccine. \u00a9 2007 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.23022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,25]],"date-time":"2007-08-25T03:16:51Z","timestamp":1188011811000},"page":"2794-2800","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":112,"title":["Vaccination trial with HPV16 L1E7 chimeric virus\u2010like particles in women suffering from high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2\/3)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Andreas M.","family":"Kaufmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John 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