{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T01:31:19Z","timestamp":1773279079514,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,17]],"date-time":"2007-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1192579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the association between dietary mushroom intake and breast cancer risk, a total of 362 women between the ages of 30 and 65 years who were histologically confirmed to have breast cancer were matched to controls by age (\u00b12 years) and menopausal status. Mushroom intake was measured <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> a food frequency questionnaire that was administered by well\u2010trained interviewers. The associations between the daily intake and the average consumption frequency of mushrooms with breast cancer risk were evaluated using matched data analysis. Both the daily intake (5th <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 1st quintile, OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.30\u20130.78, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> for trend 0.030) and the average consumption frequency of mushrooms (4th <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 1st quartile, OR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.35\u20130.82, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> for trend 0.008) were inversely associated with breast cancer risk after adjustment for education, family history of breast cancer, regular exercise [\u226522.5 MET (metabolic equivalent)\u2010hr\/week], BMI (body mass index, Kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>), number of children and whether they are currently smoking, drinking or using multivitamin supplements. Further adjustments were made for energy\u2010adjusted carbohydrate, soy protein, folate and vitamin E levels, which tended to attenuate these results. After a stratification was performed according to menopausal status, a strong inverse association was found in postmenopausal women (OR = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.04\u20130.54, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> for trend = 0.0058 for daily intake; OR = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.05\u20130.54, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> for trend = 0.0037 for average frequency), but not in premenopausal women. In conclusion, the consumption of dietary mushrooms may decrease breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women. \u00a9 2007 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.23134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,17]],"date-time":"2007-10-17T15:17:00Z","timestamp":1192634220000},"page":"919-923","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["A case\u2013control study on the dietary intake of mushrooms and breast cancer risk among Korean women"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Seo Ah","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kirang","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seok\u2010Jin","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gu","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mi Kyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/153537020422900507"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-002-1076-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"4","article-title":"The use of mushroom glucans and proteoglycans in cancer treatment","volume":"5","author":"Kidd PM","year":"2000","journal-title":"Altern Med Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3200\/AEOH.58.8.533-537"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","first-page":"291","article-title":"Beneficial effects of edible and medicinal mushrooms on health care","volume":"3","author":"Ikekawa T","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Med Mushrooms"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.12.3288"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","first-page":"417","article-title":"In vitro effects on proliferation, apoptosis and colony inhibition in ER\u2010dependent and ER\u2010independent human breast cancer cells by selected mushroom species","volume":"15","author":"Gu YH","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","first-page":"695","article-title":"Ganoderma lucidum inhibits proliferation of human breast cancer cells by down\u2010regulation of estrogen receptor and NF\u2010\u03baB signaling","volume":"29","author":"Jiang J","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","first-page":"657","article-title":"Inhibition of oxidative stress\u2010induced invasiveness of cancer cells by Ganoderma lucidum is mediated through the suppression of interleukin\u20108 secretion","volume":"18","author":"Thyagarajan A","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-2206"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2001.19.3.881"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1373.1999.d01-86.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.10111"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327914NC4602_06"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2004.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","volume-title":"Medicinal mushrooms: an exploration of tradition, healing and culture","author":"Hobbs CLAc","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","volume-title":"Korea Central Cancer Registry, Local Cancer Registries. 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