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We evaluated familial clustering in the Netherlands Cohort Study in which 120,852 men and women, aged 55\u201369 years in 1986 were followed up for 13.3 years. 14,025 Probands, 6,629 parents and 4,271 siblings were diagnosed with cancer. Relative Risks (RR) of cancer in first degree family members were calculated by using multivariable Cox regression analyses. We also calculated false\u2010positive reporting probabilities. Significant concordant familial clustering was observed for stomach (RR<jats:sub>father<\/jats:sub> = 1.89, RR<jats:sub>parent<\/jats:sub> = 1.66, RR<jats:sub>sister<\/jats:sub> = 3.33, RR<jats:sub>sibling<\/jats:sub> = 2.38, RR<jats:sub>1st degree<\/jats:sub> = 1.69), colon\/rectum (RR<jats:sub>father<\/jats:sub> = 1.82, RR<jats:sub>mother<\/jats:sub> = 1.83, RR<jats:sub>parent<\/jats:sub> = 1.88, RR<jats:sub>1st degree<\/jats:sub> = 1.56), lung (RR<jats:sub>brother<\/jats:sub> = 1.50) and breast cancer (RR<jats:sub>mother<\/jats:sub> = 1.65, RR<jats:sub>sister<\/jats:sub> = 1.72, RR<jats:sub>1st degree<\/jats:sub> = 1.72) with low false\u2010positive reporting probabilities. Significant discordant familial clustering has been observed for combinations of pancreas\u2010colon\/rectum (RR<jats:sub>mother<\/jats:sub> = 2.42, RR<jats:sub>parent<\/jats:sub> = 1.89, RR<jats:sub>1st degree<\/jats:sub> = 1.73), larynx\u2010lung (RR<jats:sub>father<\/jats:sub> = 3.35, RR<jats:sub>parent<\/jats:sub> = 2.84, RR<jats:sub>1st degree<\/jats:sub> = 2.30), lung\u2010oesophagus (RR<jats:sub>sibling<\/jats:sub> = 3.49), breast\u2010bladder (RR<jats:sub>father<\/jats:sub> = 2.79, RR<jats:sub>parent<\/jats:sub> = 2.61), endometrium\u2010stomach (RR<jats:sub>mother<\/jats:sub> = 2.32), ovarium\u2010oesophagus (RR<jats:sub>1stdegree<\/jats:sub> = 4.19), prostate\u2010colon\/rectum (RR<jats:sub>parent<\/jats:sub> = 1.46) and bladder\u2010larynx\/pharynx (RR<jats:sub>father<\/jats:sub> = 2.49) cancer, although false\u2010positive reporting probabilities were higher for these associations. Familial clustering of cancer occurs at most sites but is generally modest. Some observed discordant familial clustering is surprising but should be interpreted with caution as their prior probability is low. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.23615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,11]],"date-time":"2008-07-11T15:17:01Z","timestamp":1215789421000},"page":"1664-1673","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A compendium of familial relative risks of cancer among first degree relatives: A population\u2010based study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Maurice P.","family":"Zeegers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leo J.","family":"Schouten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. 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