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The relative risk of dying from gallbladder cancer between 1985 and 2003 was estimated for each of the 333 Chilean counties, using a hierarchical Poisson regression model, adjusting for age, sex and geographical location. The risk of gallbladder cancer mortality was analyzed in relation to region, poverty, Amerindian (Mapuche) population, typhoid fever and access to cholecystectomy, using logistic regression analysis. There were 27,183 gallbladder cancer deaths, with age and sex\u2010adjusted county mortality rates ranging from 8.2 to 12.4 per 100,000 inhabitants. Rates were highest in inland and southern regions. Compared to the northern\u2010coast, the northern\u2010inland region had a 10\u2010fold risk (95% of confidence interval (95% CI): 2.4\u201342.2) and the southern\u2010inland region had a 26\u2010fold risk (95% CI: 6.0\u2013114.2). Independent of region, other risk factors for gallbladder cancer included a high Mapuche population (Odds ratio (OR):3.9, 95% CI 1.8\u20138.7), high typhoid fever incidence (OR:2.9, 95% CI 1.2\u20136.9), high poverty (OR:5.1, 95% CI 1.6\u201315.9), low access to cholecystectomy (OR:3.9, 95% CI 1.5\u201310.1), low access to hospital care (OR:14.2, 95% CI 4.2\u201348.7) and high urbanization (OR:8.0, 95% CI 3.4\u201318.7). Our results suggest that gallbladder cancer in Chile may be related to both genetic factors and poor living conditions. Future analytic studies are needed to further clarify the role of these factors in gallbladder cancer etiology. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.23662","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,19]],"date-time":"2008-06-19T18:40:09Z","timestamp":1213900809000},"page":"1411-1416","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Geographic variation of gallbladder cancer mortality and risk factors in Chile: A population\u2010based ecologic study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Marcelo E.","family":"Andia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann W.","family":"Hsing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Andreotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catterina","family":"Ferreccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4067\/S0034-98872006000500004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","unstructured":"MINSAL Ministerio de Salud de Chile Departamento de Estad\u00edsticas (DEIS). 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