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This study is part of a larger hospital\u2010based, case\u2010control study on RCC risk, conducted in northern, central and southern Italy. Cases were 273 women, below age 80, with histologically confirmed, incident RCC. Controls were 546 women hospitalized for acute, nonneoplastic conditions, frequency\u2010matched to cases by age and center. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using multiple logistic regression models. RCC risk was inversely related to age at first birth (OR = 0.7, 95% CI 0.5\u20131.0, for \u2265 25 years <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. &lt;25 years). Hysterectomy was found to double RCC risk (OR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.3\u20134.2). A negative association of borderline\u2010statistical significance emerged for age at menarche, whereas, no associations were found between RCC risk and parity, menopausal status, age at menopause and use of hormone replacement therapy or oral contraceptives. Our findings give support to a role of hysterectomy in increasing RCC risk without corroborating, however, a major role of female hormone\u2010related factors. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.23750","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,18]],"date-time":"2008-08-18T13:07:17Z","timestamp":1219064837000},"page":"2213-2216","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Reproductive, menstrual, and other hormone\u2010related factors and risk of renal cell cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Antonella","family":"Zucchetto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renato","family":"Talamini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luigino","family":"Dal 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