{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:52:08Z","timestamp":1790873528345,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,9]],"date-time":"2008-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1220918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Concerns have been raised about the safety of the electromagnetic (microwave) emissions of radars, as well as about the ionizing radiation that is emitted on short distances (&lt;2 m) by devices in the radars producing the microwaves. We retrospectively compared the cause specific mortality of 4,417 Belgian professional male military personnel who served in anti\u2010aircraft radar units in Germany between 1963 and 1994 to the cause specific mortality of 2,932 Belgian military personnel who served at the same time in the same place in battalions not equipped with radars. Mean follow\u2010up was 26 years in the 2 groups. Age\u2010adjusted rate ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals were derived from a Poisson regression model. Four hundred twenty\u2010four deaths in the battalions groups and 271 deaths in the control battalions occurred (RR = 1.04 (0.96\u20131.14)). For specific causes of deaths, RRs were 1.22 (1.03\u20131.47) for neoplasms and 3.51 (1.19\u201310.3) for symptoms, signs and ill defined conditions. RRs for other causes of death were not significantly different from 1.00. Among deaths from neoplasms, RR for hemolymphatic cancer was 7.22 (1.09\u201347.9). RRs for other causes of cancer deaths were not significantly different from 1.00. The results for specific tumor types were all based on very small numbers. The RR for cancer increased with decreasing age and suggested that the RR for cancer increased with the duration of stay in radar battalions. In conclusion, exposure of professional military personnel to anti\u2010aircraft radars that existed in Western Europe from the 1960s until the 1990s may have resulted in an increase in the incidence of hemolymphatic cancers. It remains to be established whether this increase is due to microwaves generated by radars or ionizing radiation produced by electronic devices producing the microwaves. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.23988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,9]],"date-time":"2008-09-09T12:58:21Z","timestamp":1220965101000},"page":"945-951","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Causes of death among Belgian professional military radar operators: A 37\u2010year retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Etienne","family":"Degrave","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Meeusen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9\u2010Robert","family":"Grivegn\u00e9e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Boniol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Autier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00411-003-0203-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-005-7922-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","unstructured":"StockbroeckxB ColetteTH DegraveE.Electromagnetic exposure assessment on nine military radar sites. Belgian Defense Report. MIC6 Louvain\u2010la\u2010Neuve2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","volume-title":"NATO standardization agreement. Evaluation and control of personnel exposure to radio frequency fields (3 kHz to 300 GHz)","author":"STANAG 2345","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","first-page":"494","article-title":"Guidelines for limiting exposure to time\u2010varying electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz)","volume":"74","author":"ICNIRP (International Commission on Non\u2010Ionizing Radiation Protection)","year":"1998","journal-title":"Health Phys"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","unstructured":"SommerTH.Die Bundeswehr und ihr Umgang mit Gef\u00e4hrdungen und Gefahrstoffen \u2010Uranmunition Radar Asbest \u2010 Bericht des Arbeitsstabes Dr. Sommer 21 June2001."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.118.3.392"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(06)70577-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","series-title":"Tobacco smoke and involuntary smoking","author":"International Agency for Research on Cancer","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","unstructured":"Belgian mortality statistics. Available at:http:\/\/www.statbel.fgov.be\/figures\/download_fr.asp. Accessed July 3 2008."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","volume-title":"List of all agents, mixtures and exposures evaluated. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to human","author":"International Agency for Research on Cancer","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","unstructured":"De JongP BusscherFA Van DijkW.Onderzoek naar de mogelijke blootstelling aan ioniserende straling bij de HAWK. Report K5002\/01.IM505. The Hague: Nuclear Research & Consultancy Group 2001."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/155.9.810"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-9697(95)04915-0"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fijc.23988","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ijc.23988","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T09:44:40Z","timestamp":1696931080000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ijc.23988"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,26]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ijc.23988"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.23988","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7136","1097-0215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7136","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,26]]}}}