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Overall HPV prevalence was 67.8%, 85.3% and 40.4% among 90 VIN1, 1,061 VIN2\/3 and 1,873 vulvar carcinomas; 100%, 90.1% and 69.9% among 107 VAIN1, 191 VAIN2\/3 and 136 vaginal carcinomas; and 91.5%, 93.9% and 84.3% among 671 AIN1, 609 AIN2\/3 and 955 anal carcinomas, respectively. HPV16 was found more frequently (&gt;75%) and HPV18 less frequently (&lt;10%) in HPV\u2010positive vulvar, vaginal and anal carcinomas than in cervical carcinoma. HPV6 and 11 were common in VIN1 and AIN1, but not in VAIN1. HPV prevalence in vulvar carcinoma varied most by histological type (69.4% in warty\u2010basaloid and 13.2% in keratinized type) and was also higher in women 60 years or younger and in studies carried out in North America. HPV prevalence in anal carcinoma was higher among women (90.8%) than men (74.9%), but no difference by gender emerged in North America. The majority of AIN2\/3 derived from studies of HIV\u2010positive individuals and\/or men who have sex with men. Among AIN2\/3, HIV infection was associated with higher HPV prevalence, more multiple\u2010type infections and a relative under\u2010representation of HPV16. In conclusion, \u223c40% of vulvar, 60% of vaginal and 80% of anal carcinoma may be avoided by prophylactic vaccines against HPV16\/18. This proportion would be similar for the corresponding high\u2010grade lesions of the vagina and anus, but higher for VIN2\/3 (75%) than for vulvar carcinoma. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,27]],"date-time":"2008-10-27T19:26:26Z","timestamp":1225135586000},"page":"1626-1636","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":803,"title":["Prevalence and type distribution of human papillomavirus in carcinoma and intraepithelial neoplasia of the vulva, vagina and anus: A meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Hugo","family":"De Vuyst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary M.","family":"Clifford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Claudia","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret M.","family":"Madeleine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Franceschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","series-title":"Cancer incidence in five continents","author":"Curado MP","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.2001.6502"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20365"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/89.20.1516"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(97)00467-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.23446"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61050-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199711063371904"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20364"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.306.6875.419"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000210268.57527.a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","first-page":"613","article-title":"Trends in vulvar neoplasia. 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