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During a median follow\u2010up time of 7.5 years, 2,250 women were diagnosed with cancer. Ever\u2010use of any contraceptive method was not associated with overall cancer risk [adjusted hazard ratio (HR<jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub>) = 1.02, 95% CI, 0.92\u20131.12]. Use of any contraceptive method was associated with increased risk of rectal cancer (HR<jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub> = 1.68, 95% CI, 1.08\u20132.62) and reduced risk of thyroid cancer (HR<jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub> = 0.63, 95% CI, 0.38\u20131.04). Risk of gallbladder cancer increased with ever use of OC (HR<jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub> = 2.38, 95% CI, 1.26\u20134.49). IUD use was associated with a possible reduced risk of thyroid cancer (HR<jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub> = 0.64, 95% CI, 0.38\u20131.07). Longer duration of IUD use decreased risk for breast, thyroid and lung cancers. Ever having a TS was associated with increased uterine body cancer (HR<jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub> = 2.50, 95% CI, 1.47\u20134.25) and decreased risk of stomach cancer (HR<jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub> = 0.59, 95% CI, 0.39\u20130.91). We did not find any contraceptive method to be related to the risk of ovarian cancer but the analyses were based on few events. Although chance findings are a likely explanation for some of the associations found in our study, these findings suggest that various contraceptive methods or reproductive patterns may play a role in the etiology of cancer. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,24]],"date-time":"2008-12-24T22:46:04Z","timestamp":1230158764000},"page":"2442-2449","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Use of oral contraceptives, intrauterine devices and tubal sterilization and cancer risk in a large prospective study, from 1996 to 2006"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Tsogzolmaa","family":"Dorjgochoo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao\u2010Ou","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong\u2010Lan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han\u2010Zhu","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Tang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"212","volume-title":"Annex Table 8. 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