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The process of cell invasion during intraperitoneal anchoring of metastatic lesions requires concerted regulation of many processes, including modulation of adhesion to the extracellular matrix and localized invasion. Exploratory cDNA microarray analysis of early response genes (altered after 4 hr of 3D collagen culture) coupled with confirmatory real\u2010time reverse\u2010transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, multiple 3D cell culture matrices, Western blot, immunostaining, adhesion, migration and invasion assays were used to identify modulators of adhesion pertinent to EOC progression and metastasis. cDNA microarray analysis indicated a dramatic downregulation of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in EOC cells placed in invasion\u2010 mimicking conditions (3D Type I collagen). Examination of human EOC specimens revealed that CTGF expression was absent in 46% of the tested samples (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 41), but was present in 100% of normal ovarian epithelium samples (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 7). Reduced CTGF expression occurs in many types of cells and may be a general phenomenon displayed by cells encountering a 3D environment. CTGF levels were inversely correlated with invasion such that downregulation of CTGF increased, while its upregulation reduced collagen invasion. Cells adhered preferentially to a surface comprised of both collagen I and CTGF relative to either component alone using \u03b16\u03b21 and \u03b13\u03b21 integrins. Together these data suggest that downregulation of CTGF in EOC cells may be important for cell invasion through modulation of cell\u2010matrix adhesion. \u00a9 2009 UICC<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,7]],"date-time":"2009-02-07T08:24:44Z","timestamp":1233995084000},"page":"816-825","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Downregulation of connective tissue growth factor by three\u2010dimensional matrix enhances ovarian carcinoma cell invasion"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Maria V.","family":"Barbolina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian P.","family":"Adley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David L.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaclyn","family":"Shepard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela J.","family":"Fought","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Scholtens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Penzes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lonnie D.","family":"Shea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. 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