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The extent of CAG was monitored by baseline serum pepsinogen (PG) levels. We followed 3,656 subjects with persistent <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection and 473 subjects with successful <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> eradication for cancer development for a mean (SD) of 9.3 (0.7) years. Groups with and without extensive CAG were categorized based on PG test\u2010positive criteria to detect extensive CAG of PG I \u2264 70 ng\/ml and PG I\/II ratio \u2264 3.0. During the study period, 5 and 55 gastric cancers developed in <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2010eradicated and the noneradicated subjects, respectively, indicating no significant reduction in cancer incidence after <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> eradication. Among the noneradicated subjects, 1,329 were PG test\u2010positive and 2,327 were PG test\u2010negative. Gastric cancer was confirmed in 30 and 25 subjects, respectively. Among subjects whose infection was eradicated, 155 were PG test\u2010positive and 318 were PG test\u2010negative. Of these subjects, gastric cancer was confirmed in 3 and 2 subjects, respectively. Significant reduction in cancer incidence after eradication was observed only in PG test\u2010negative subjects (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05; log\u2010rank test). The results of this study strongly indicate that cancer development after eradication depends on the presence of extensive CAG before eradication and that <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> eradication is beneficial to most PG test\u2010negative subjects with mild CAG as defined by the aforementioned criteria. \u00a9 2009 UICC<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,26]],"date-time":"2009-05-26T15:23:03Z","timestamp":1243351383000},"page":"2697-2703","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":119,"title":["Eradication of <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i> prevents cancer development in subjects with mild gastric atrophy identified by serum pepsinogen levels"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Kimihiko","family":"Yanaoka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masashi","family":"Oka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Ohata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriko","family":"Yoshimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisanobu","family":"Deguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chizu","family":"Mukoubayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shotaro","family":"Enomoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izumi","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikitaka","family":"Iguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takao","family":"Maekita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuki","family":"Ueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirotoshi","family":"Utsunomiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideyuki","family":"Tamai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsuhiro","family":"Fujishiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masataka","family":"Iwane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Takeshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Mohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masao","family":"Ichinose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)91816-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198912073212302"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199104113241507"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","first-page":"6735","article-title":"Human gastric carcinogenesis: a multi\u2010step and multi\u2010factorial process. 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