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A five\u2010step framework is proposed for assessing the potential use of a biomarker as a screening tool for cervical cancer:<jats:italic>i<\/jats:italic>) correlation studies establishing a trend between the rate of biomarker expression and severity of neoplasia;<jats:italic>ii<\/jats:italic>) diagnostic studies in a clinical setting where all women are submitted to verification by the reference standard;<jats:italic>iii<\/jats:italic>) biobank\u2010based studies with assessment in archived cytology samples of the biomarker in cervical cancer cases and controls;<jats:italic>iv<\/jats:italic>) prospective cohort studies with baseline assessment of the biomarker and monitoring of disease;<jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>) randomised intervention trials aiming to observe reduced incidence of cancer (or its surrogate, severe dysplasia) in the experimental arm at subsequent screening rounds. 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