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Here we show that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arising spontaneously against a background of hepatitis occurred more frequently in Nucling\u2010knockout (KO) mice than wild\u2010type (WT) mice. Biochemical serum testing revealed potential liver dysfunction with hypercholesterolemia in Nucling\u2010KO males. In the background of Nucling\u2010KO mice, we observed the up\u2010regulation of TNF\u03b1, spontaneous NF\u2010\u03baB\u2010activation and the induction of galectin\u20103 expression in liver. In addition, we observed a decrease in the number of Kupffer cells (KCs) in the KO mice. KCs are important for the hepatic immune system, acting as phagocytes or antigen\u2010presenting cells (APCs). We found that KCs in Nucling\u2010KO mice were apoptotic possibly through the up\u2010regulation of TNF\u03b1. These observations indicate that Nucling is important for the regulation of NF\u2010\u03baB signals in liver. We propose that Nucling deficiency could be a powerful tool to reveal the NF\u2010\u03baB\u2010related molecular networks leading to hepatitis and HCC development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,28]],"date-time":"2009-07-28T10:28:25Z","timestamp":1248776905000},"page":"1079-1094","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Inflammatory disease and cancer with a decrease in Kupffer cell numbers in Nucling\u2010knockout 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