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Women with low\u2010grade abnormal smears were recruited and followed\u2010up for one year. Colposcopy, cervical biopsy for histology and brushings for HPV typing was performed at recruitment, 6 months (no biopsy) and upon completion of the study at one year. HPV16\u2010specific T\u2010cell responses were analysed by interferon\u2010\u03b3 ELISPOT at entry, 6 and 12 months. Infection with multiple HPV types was detected in 70% of all patients, HPV16 was found in 42% of the patients. LSIL lesions progressed to HSIL in 24%, persisted in 60% and regressed to normal in 16% of the patients. No difference was observed in the clearance rate of infections with single or multiple HPV types among the groups with a different histological outcome. HPV16\u2010specific type 1 T\u2010cell responses were detected in only half of the patients with an HPV16+ LSIL, and predominantly reactive to HPV16 E2 and E6. Interestingly, the presence of HPV16 E2\u2010specific T\u2010cell responses correlated with absence of progression of HPV16+ lesions (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.005) while the detection of HPV16 E6 specific reactivity was associated with persistence (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.05). This large prospective study showed that the majority of LSIL persisted or progressed within the first year.This was paralleled by immune failure as most of the patients with an HPV16+ LSIL failed to react to peptides of HPV16 E2, E6 or E7.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,30]],"date-time":"2009-07-30T17:04:56Z","timestamp":1248973496000},"page":"133-141","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["A prospective study on the natural course of low\u2010grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and the presence of HPV16 E2\u2010, E6\u2010 and E7\u2010specific T\u2010cell responses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Yin Ling","family":"Woo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muriel","family":"van den Hende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane 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