{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T01:23:35Z","timestamp":1771550615940,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,20]],"date-time":"2009-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1250726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cervix and Breast cancers are the most common cancers among women worldwide and extract a large toll in developing countries. In May 1998, supported by a grant from the NCI (US), the Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India, started a cluster\u2010randomized, controlled, screening\u2010trial for cervix and breast cancer using trained primary health workers to provide health\u2010education, visual\u2010inspection of cervix (with 4% acetic acid\u2010VIA) and clinical breast examination (CBE) in the screening arm, and only health education in the control arm. Four rounds of screening at 2\u2010year intervals will be followed by 8 years of monitoring for incidence and mortality from cervix and breast cancers. The methodology and interim results after three rounds of screening are presented here. Good randomization was achieved between the screening (<jats:italic>n = <\/jats:italic> 75360) and control arms (<jats:italic>n =<\/jats:italic> 76178). In the screening arm we see: High screening participation rates; Low attrition; Good compliance to diagnostic confirmation; Significant downstaging; Excellent treatment completion rate; Improving case fatality ratios. The ever\u2010screened and never\u2010screened participants in the screening arm show significant differences with reference to the variables religion, language, age, education, occupation, income and health\u2010seeking behavior for gynecological and breast\u2010related complaints. During the same period, in the control arm we see excellent participation rate for health education; Low attrition and a good number of symptomatic referrals for both cervix and breast.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,20]],"date-time":"2009-08-20T15:01:33Z","timestamp":1250780493000},"page":"976-984","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":151,"title":["A cluster randomized, controlled trial of breast and cervix cancer screening in Mumbai, India: methodology and interim results after three rounds of screening"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Indraneel","family":"Mittra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gauravi A.","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shalini","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sangeeta","family":"Aranke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Perin","family":"Notani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajendra","family":"Badwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony B.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elkan E.","family":"Daniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Subhadra","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pallavi","family":"Uplap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meenakshi H.","family":"Thakur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Subhash","family":"Ramani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajendra","family":"Kerkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Balasubramanian","family":"Ganesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Surendra S.","family":"Shastri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"215","volume-title":"World Cancer Report, World Health Organization, International Agency for Research in Cancer","author":"Stewart BS","year":"2003"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"S274","article-title":"Early detection of cervical cancer with visual inspection methods: a summary of completed and on\u2010going studies in India","volume":"45","author":"Sankaranarayanan R","year":"2003","journal-title":"Salud. Publica Mex"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","unstructured":"DinshawKA RaoDN GaneshB. Tata Memorial Hospital Cancer Registry Annual Report Mumbai India 1999. 52."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","first-page":"79","volume-title":"Cancer survival in developing countries","author":"Yeole BB","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","volume-title":"GLOBOCAN 2000: cancer incidence, mortality, and prevalence worldwide 2001","author":"Ferlay J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0463.2001.090501.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)02353-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19981115)83:10<2150::AID-CNCR13>3.0.CO;2-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07033-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(01)01454-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","first-page":"186","article-title":"Concurrent evaluation of visual, cytological and HPV testing as screening methods for the early detection of cervical neoplasia in Mumbai, India","volume":"83","author":"Shastri SS","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21343"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.184.2.01840428"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1093\/jncimonographs\/lgi040","article-title":"Screening clinical breast examination: how often does it miss lethal breast cancer?","author":"Fenton JJ","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024904104286","article-title":"Risk factors for failure to detect a cancer during clinical breast examinations (United States)","volume":"14","author":"Bobo JK","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020280623807"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-1265-9_13"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19970515)79:10<1923::AID-CNCR13>3.0.CO;2-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","volume-title":"A practical manual on visual screening for neoplasia","author":"Sankaranarayanan R","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr1388"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fijc.24840","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ijc.24840","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]],"date-time":"2023-10-16T19:01:26Z","timestamp":1697482886000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ijc.24840"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,4]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ijc.24840"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.24840","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7136","1097-0215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7136","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,4]]}}}