{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T18:37:05Z","timestamp":1791916625947,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,11]],"date-time":"2009-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1257897600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>HIV increases the risk of OSSN. Here we investigate other factors in a case\u2010control study from Uganda with 318 cases (48 CIN I, 66 CIN II, 81 CIN III and 123 with invasive disease) and 762 controls. Initial analyses were stratified by HIV serostatus (204 cases and 202 controls were HIV seropositive), but since findings were similar in infected and uninfected people, the combined results are presented here. The risk of OSSN increased with increasing time spent in direct sunlight (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub> = 0.003, adjusted for age, sex, residential district and HIV serostatus): compared to those who reported spending up to 1 hr a day in direct sunlight, the risk was 1.7 (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.2\u20132.4) in those reporting 2\u20134\u2010hr exposure and 1.8 (95% CI 1.1\u20133.1) in those reporting 5+ hr. The risk was also increased among people reporting a previous injury to the affected eye (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2\u20134.5). Pinguecula in the nasal quadrant of the unaffected eye were evident on clinical examination for 98% of cases (293\/300) and for 91% of the same quadrant in the right eye (246\/271) of controls (OR = 6.4, 95% CI 2.5\u201316.1). We confirm associations with exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation and with the presence of pinguecula and report a role for previous ocular trauma in the aetiology of OSSN. We did not identify any additional factors that point to an underlying infectious cause, although this is an area of on\u2010going research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,8]],"date-time":"2010-02-08T20:27:27Z","timestamp":1265660847000},"page":"427-432","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["A case\u2010control study of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) in Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Keith","family":"Waddell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Kwehangana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William T.","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Newton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)91685-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-9378-3-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djm085"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00875-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6702043"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.86.2.168"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.63.2.102"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.87.4.396"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/geh048"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6600451"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","first-page":"73","article-title":"Epidemiology of squamous cell conjunctival cancer","volume":"6","author":"Sun EC","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prevent"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(94)31328-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","volume-title":"IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, vol. 55: solar ultraviolet radiation","author":"IARC","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-80725-1_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","first-page":"185","article-title":"Squamous cell carcinoma of the cornea and conjunctiva following a thermal burn of the eye","volume":"5","author":"Margo CE","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","first-page":"496","article-title":"Relationship between pterygium\/pinguecula and sunlight exposure among postmen in central Taiwan","volume":"62","author":"Tang FC","year":"1999","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Shi (Taipei)"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.1998.tb01362.x"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fijc.25040","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ijc.25040","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T06:57:06Z","timestamp":1697525826000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ijc.25040"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,8]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ijc.25040"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.25040","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7136","1097-0215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7136","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,8]]}}}