{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T21:02:14Z","timestamp":1781298134065,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,22]],"date-time":"2010-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1264118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Global hypomethylation has been shown to increase genome instability potentially leading to increased cancer risk. We determined whether global methylation in blood leukocyte DNA was associated with gastric cancer in a population\u2010based study on 302 gastric cancer cases and 421 age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched controls in Warsaw, Poland, between 1994 and 1996. Using PCR\u2010pyrosequencing, we analyzed methylation levels of Alu and LINE\u20101, 2 CG\u2010rich repetitive elements, to measure global methylation levels. Gastric cancer risk was highest among those with lowest level of methylation in either Alu (OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 0.9\u20131.9) or LINE\u20101 (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 0.9\u20132.0) relative to those with the highest levels, although the trends were not statistically significant. For Alu, the association was stronger among those aged 70 or older (OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.3\u20135.5, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> for interaction = 0.02). We did not observe meaningful differences in the associations by other risk factors and polymorphisms examined. For LINE\u20101, the association tended to be stronger among individuals with a family history of cancer (OR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.4\u20137.0, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> for interaction = 0.01), current alcohol drinkers (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.0\u20133.6, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> for interaction = 0.05), current smokers (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.1\u20134.6, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> for interaction = 0.02), those who rarely or never consumed fruit (OR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.2\u20138.1, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> for interaction = 0.03), CC carriers for the <jats:italic>MTRR<\/jats:italic> Ex5+123C&gt;T polymorphism (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.2\u20134.4, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> for interaction = 0.01) and TT carriers for the <jats:italic>MTRR<\/jats:italic> Ex15+572T&gt;C polymorphism (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.0\u20132.8, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> for interaction = 0.06). The association was not different by sex, <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> infection, intake of folate, vitamin B6 and total protein and the remaining polymorphisms examined. Our results indicate that interactions between blood leukocyte DNA hypomethylation and host characteristics may determine gastric cancer risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,22]],"date-time":"2010-01-22T19:07:21Z","timestamp":1264187241000},"page":"1866-1874","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Blood leukocyte DNA hypomethylation and gastric cancer risk in a high\u2010risk Polish population"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Lifang","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Sartori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Gawron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolanta","family":"Lissowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Bollati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Letizia","family":"Tarantini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang Fang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Witold","family":"Zatonski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wong\u2010Ho","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Baccarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","volume-title":"Cancer incidence, mortality, and prevalence worldwide. 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