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To assess the significance of defective provirus in asymptomatic carriers, we examined PVLs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 208 asymptomatic HTLV\u20101 carriers. The mean PVLs determined using primers for the <jats:italic>pol<\/jats:italic> region were less than that for the <jats:italic>pX<\/jats:italic> region in these carriers. Analysis of seven carriers with high PVLs for the <jats:italic>pX<\/jats:italic> region but lower PVLs for the <jats:italic>pol<\/jats:italic> region showed that four had single nucleotide polymorphisms of proviral genomes for the <jats:italic>pol<\/jats:italic> region and three had HTLV\u20101\u2010infected cells with defective provirus. Three carriers with defective provirus showed high PVLs at their initial screens, and PVLs increased after a 10\u2010 to 12\u2010year interval in two carriers. Southern blot assay showed clonal expansion of HTLV\u20101\u2010infected cells, and the predominant clones changed during the observation period. These data suggest that although HTLV\u20101\u2010infected cells with defective provirus may have a growth advantage, the predominant clones of HTLV\u20101\u2010infected cells do not always survive for many years in asymptomatic carriers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,12]],"date-time":"2010-05-12T23:09:04Z","timestamp":1273705744000},"page":"1335-1343","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Defective human T\u2010lymphotropic virus type 1 provirus in asymptomatic 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