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The aim of this analysis is to provide further evidence on the relationship between family history of cancer in first\u2010degree relatives (FH\u2010FDRs) and the risk of esophageal cancer, and to explore the joint effects for FH\u2010FDR with major lifestyle risk factors. A total of 1,520 cases and 3,879 controls were recruited. Unconditional logistic regression was applied for evaluating independent association as well as potential interactions between FH\u2010FDR and lifestyle risk factors on the risk of esophageal cancer. Population attributable fraction (PAF) was calculated to quantify the proportion of cases attributable to risk factors. Results showed that with a FH\u2010FDR of any malignant tumor or esophageal cancer, there is a 1.64\u2010 and 2.22\u2010fold risk of esophageal cancer, respectively. Association was increased when there was more than one affected FDR (OR = 3.14) and younger age at diagnosis of relatives. Exposure of both FH\u2010FDR and lifestyle risk factors strongly associated with esophageal cancer. Significant superadditivity interaction was found for FH\u2010FDR with fast eating speed and diets low in fruits and vegetables. The estimation of PAF indicated that the majority of cases were attributed to lifestyle risk factors. In conclusion, it was found that FH\u2010FDR significantly increases the risk of esophageal cancer and could modify the effect of certain lifestyle risk factors. If comprehensive lifestyle interventions are carried out within high\u2010risk populations, there is a high probability of curbing occurrences of esophageal cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,6]],"date-time":"2010-07-06T21:40:55Z","timestamp":1278452455000},"page":"2147-2157","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Does family history of cancer modify the effects of lifestyle risk factors on esophageal cancer? a population\u2010based case\u2013control study in 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