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The authors examined the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and mortality within the California Teachers Study (CTS), specifically considering the impact of HT and smoking. The authors examined the associations of underweight and obesity with risks of all\u2010cause and cause\u2010specific mortality, among 115,433 women participating in the CTS, and specifically examined whether HT use or smoking modifies the effects of obesity. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression provided estimates of relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During follow up, 10,574 deaths occurred. All\u2010cause mortality was increased for underweight (BMI &lt;18.5; adjusted RR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.20\u20131.47) and obese participants (BMI \u2265 30: RR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.19\u20131.37) relative to BMI of 18.5\u201324.9). Respiratory disease mortality was increased for underweight and obese participants. Death from any cancer, and breast cancer specifically, and cardiovascular disease was observed only for obese participants. The obesity and mortality association remained after stratification on HT and smoking. Obese participants remained at greater risk for mortality after stratification on menopausal HT and smoking. Obesity was associated with increased all\u2010cause mortality, as well as death from any cancer (including breast), and cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. These findings help to identify groups at risk for BMI\u2010related poor health outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,4]],"date-time":"2011-01-04T17:05:25Z","timestamp":1294160725000},"page":"2492-2501","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["The association of body mass index with mortality in the California Teachers Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Leona","family":"Bessonova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah F.","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Argyrios","family":"Ziogas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Largent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie","family":"Bernstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine D.","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiyan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dee W.","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoda","family":"Anton\u2010Culver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/68.4.899"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","volume-title":"BMI Classification World Health Organization: Global Database on Body Mass Index","author":"WHO","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxm012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803193"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","first-page":"345","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome in South Asians: continuing escalation & possible solutions","volume":"125","author":"Misra A","year":"2007","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17477160600586747"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.13.1549"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0801891"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","first-page":"24","article-title":"The association between BMI value and long\u2010term mortality","volume":"24","author":"Wandell PE","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60318-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.15.1861"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0800852"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","first-page":"17","article-title":"Increase in body mass index category since age 20 years and all\u2010cause mortality: a prospective cohort study (the Ohsaki Study)","volume":"17","author":"Shimazu T","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116486"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021423"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39367.495995.AE"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/67.6.1111"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.56.10.780"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199003293221303"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.17.2028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540430051032"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(02)00417-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.2002.01010.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14739-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67394-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21508"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/152460902760277886"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/45.1.277"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.75.Suppl_4.S3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1019552126105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_2","unstructured":"Patient discharge data file documentation: January\u2010December 2006. 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