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Recently, we succeeded in eliciting strong CTL responses in mice after vaccination with biodegradable poly(<jats:sc>D<\/jats:sc>,<jats:sc>L<\/jats:sc>\u2010lactide\u2010<jats:italic>co<\/jats:italic>\u2010glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres (MS). In our study, we compared the immune response to IFA and PLGA\u2010MS containing ovalbumin (OVA) and CpG\u2010oligodeoxynucleotide (MS\u2010OVA\/CpG) or we used a mixture of MS\u2010OVA\/CpG and MS\u2010polyI:C. A single vaccination with MS\u2010OVA\/CpG elicited long\u2010lasting titers of IgG1 and IgG2a, but only low IgE titers, and also the T\u2010cell response was biased toward Th<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> differentiation. Antigen presentation to CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells and activation of a cytotoxic T\u2010cell response in mice vaccinated with PLGA\u2010MS and IFA lasted for over 3 weeks. Preconditioning of the injection site with TNF\u2010\u03b1 and heterologous prime\u2010boost regimen further enhanced the cytotoxic response. PLGA\u2010MS were as efficient or superior to IFA in eradication of preexisting tumors and suppression of lung metastases. Taken together, PLGA\u2010MS are well\u2010defined, biodegradable and clinically compatible antigen carrier systems that compare favorably with IFA in their efficacy of tumor immunotherapy in mouse models and hence deserve to be tested for their effectiveness against human malignant diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25914","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,4]],"date-time":"2011-01-04T16:29:02Z","timestamp":1294158542000},"page":"407-416","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Tumor eradication by immunotherapy with biodegradable PLGA microspheres\u2014an alternative to incomplete Freund's 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