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Effective programs must meet three targets: (<jats:italic>i<\/jats:italic>) at least 70% of the targeted population should be screened at least once in a lifetime, (<jats:italic>ii<\/jats:italic>) screening assays and diagnostic tests must be reproducible and sufficiently sensitive and specific for the detection of high\u2010grade precursor lesions (<jats:italic>i.e<\/jats:italic>., CIN2+), and (<jats:italic>iii<\/jats:italic>) effective treatment must be provided. We review the evidence that HPV DNA screening from swabs collected by the women in their home or village is sufficiently sound for consideration as a primary screening strategy in the developing world, with sensitivity and specificity for detection of CIN2+ as good or better than Pap smear cytology and VIA. A key feature of a self\u2010collected HPV testing strategy (SC\u2010HPV) is the move of the primary screening activities from the clinic to the community. Efforts to increase the affordability and availability of HPV DNA tests, community education and awareness, development of strong partnerships between community advocacy groups, health care centers and regional or local laboratories, and resource appropriate strategies to identify and treat screen\u2010positive women should now be prioritized to ensure successful public health translation of the technologic advancements in cervical cancer prevention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25974","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,3]],"date-time":"2011-02-03T21:23:43Z","timestamp":1296768223000},"page":"517-527","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Looking ahead: A case for human papillomavirus testing of self\u2010sampled vaginal specimens as a cervical cancer screening strategy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Patti E.","family":"Gravitt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerome L.","family":"Belinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Salmeron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keerti V.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.05.113"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(20000815)89:4<826::AID-CNCR15>3.0.CO;2-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.05.121"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07033-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.17.2173"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61195-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0808516"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-005-0296-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.23489"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-09-1282"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6874-10-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(09)70360-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.1.81"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1438.2003.13611.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024806707399"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-08-1171"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2009.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.2001.6370"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2007.01.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-07-2935"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1438.2006.00835.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000243623.67673.22","article-title":"Comparability of self\u2010collected vaginal swabs and physician\u2010collected cervical swabs for detection of human papillomavirus infections in Rakai, Uganda. 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