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ATL cells have been reported to frequently harbor defective provirus. In our study, PVLs for three different regions of HTLV\u20101 provirus (5\u2032LTR\u2010<jats:italic>gag<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>gag<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>pX<\/jats:italic>) were measured in 309 asymptomatic carriers with different infection routes. PVLs for the <jats:italic>pX<\/jats:italic> region in 21 asymptomatic carriers with maternal infection was significantly higher than in 24 carriers with spousal infection. Among 161 carriers with relatively high <jats:italic>pX<\/jats:italic> PVLs (equal to or greater than 1 copy per 100 peripheral blood mononuclear cells), 26 carriers (16%) had low <jats:italic>gag<\/jats:italic> PVL\/<jats:italic>pX<\/jats:italic> PVL (less than 0.5) and four (2%) had low 5\u2032LTR\u2010<jats:italic>gag<\/jats:italic> PVL\/<jats:italic>pX<\/jats:italic> PVL (less than 0.5). Low <jats:italic>gag<\/jats:italic> PVL\/<jats:italic>pX<\/jats:italic> PVL ratio, which reflects deficiency and\/or polymorphism of HTLV\u20101 proviral DNA sequences for the <jats:italic>gag<\/jats:italic> region, was also associated with maternal infection. These data suggest that HTLV\u20101 carriers with maternal infection tend to have high PVLs, which may be related to provirus with deficiency and\/or the polymorphism of proviral DNA sequences. In addition, there is a possibility that this ratio may be used as a tool to differentiate the infection routes of asymptomatic HTLV\u20101 carriers, which supports the need for a large scale study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.26289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,21]],"date-time":"2011-07-21T18:14:57Z","timestamp":1311272097000},"page":"2318-2326","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Proviral loads of human T\u2010lymphotropic virus Type 1 in asymptomatic carriers with different infection 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