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Here, we performed gene profiling of different HPV infected vulvar tissues (condylomata acuminata (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 5), usual type vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (uVIN) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 9)) and control samples (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 14) using Affymetrix Human U133A plus 2 GeneChips. Data were analyzed using OmniViz\u00ae, Partek\u00ae and Ingenuity\u00ae Software. Results were validated by real\u2010time RT\u2010PCR and immunostaining. Although similarities were observed between gene expression profiles of low\u2010 and high\u2010risk HPV infected tissues (<jats:italic>e.g.<\/jats:italic>, absence of estrogen receptor in condylomata and uVIN), high\u2010risk HPV infected tissues showed more proliferation and displayed more DNA damage than tissues infected with low\u2010risk HPV. These observations were confirmed by differential regulation of cell cycle checkpoints and by increased expression of DNA damage\u2010biomarkers p53 and \u03b3H2AX. Furthermore, <jats:italic>FANCA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>FANCD2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>BRCA1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>RAD51<\/jats:italic>, key players in the DNA damage response, were significantly upregulated (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). In addition, we compared our results with publicly available gene expression profiles of various other HPV\u2010induced cancers (vulva, cervix and head\u2010and\u2010neck). This showed p16<jats:sup>INK4a<\/jats:sup> was the most significant marker to detect a high\u2010risk HPV infection, but no other markers could be found. In conclusion, this study provides insight into the molecular basis of low\u2010 and high\u2010risk HPV infections and indicates two main pathways (cell cycle and DNA damage response) that are much stronger affected by high\u2010risk HPV as compared to low\u2010risk HPV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.26345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,3]],"date-time":"2011-08-03T12:38:39Z","timestamp":1312375119000},"page":"2874-2885","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Different DNA damage and cell cycle checkpoint control in low\u2010 and high\u2010risk human papillomavirus infections of the vulva"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"Lindy A.M.","family":"Santegoets","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Romy 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