{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T00:49:34Z","timestamp":1774658974698,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,28]],"date-time":"2012-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are very common after sexual debut and nearly all become undetectable (\u201cclear\u201d) within a few years. Following clearance, the long\u2010term risks of type\u2010specific HPV re\u2010appearance and subsequent risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) are not well defined. In the 7\u2010year, population\u2010based cohort study in Guanacaste, Costa Rica, we studied how often type\u2010specific carcinogenic HPV infections re\u2010appeared after clearance and how often re\u2010appearance led to CIN2+. We considered 1,740 carcinogenic HPV infections detected by MY09\/11 PCR among 2,805 women (18\u201391 years old, median 34) who were actively followed at 6\u2010 or 12\u2010month intervals. We identified women with one or more type\u2010specific HPV infections that cleared and re\u2010appeared and further defined a subgroup of \u201cdefinite clearance and re\u2010appearance\u201d (\u22652 intervening negative results over a period of \u22651 year). We determined the absolute risk of CIN2+ among the different groups. <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> values are two\u2010sided. Only 7.7% (81\/1,052) of HPV\u2010infected women had intervening negative results. Very few (3.7%, 39\/1,052) had \u201cdefinite clearance and re\u2010appearance\u201d, of which 5.1% (2\/39) subsequently persisted to a diagnosis of CIN2. There were zero CIN3+ lesions. Extremely few women (2\/2,805 of women in our cohort) had a type\u2010specific carcinogenic HPV infection clear, re\u2010appear and lead to CIN2+. If confirmed, this argues against vaccination to avoid re\u2010appearance that leads to precursor lesions and against the need of frequent HPV screening after initial negative results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.27418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,31]],"date-time":"2011-12-31T10:29:58Z","timestamp":1325327398000},"page":"1874-1881","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Low risk of type\u2010specific carcinogenic HPV re\u2010appearance with subsequent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2\/3"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Ana 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