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HPV infection causes \u223c600,000 cases of cancer of the cervix, vulva, vagina, anus and oropharynx annually, as well as benign diseases such as genital warts and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Whereas the incidence of cervical cancer has been decreasing over recent decades, the incidence of anal and oropharyngeal carcinoma, for which there are no effective screening programs, has been rising over the last couple of decades. Randomized trials have demonstrated improved efficacy of HPV\u2010based compared to cytology\u2010based cervical cancer screening. Defining the best algorithms to triage HPV\u2010positive women, age ranges and screening intervals are priorities for pooled analyses and further research, whereas feasibility questions can be addressed through screening programs. HPV vaccination will reduce the burden of cervical precancer and probably also of invasive cervical and other HPV\u2010related disease in women. Recent trials demonstrated that prophylactic vaccination also protects against anogenital HPV infection, anogenital intraepithelial lesions and warts associated with vaccine types, in males; and anal HPV infection and anal intraepithelial neoplasia in MSM. HPV\u2010related oropharyngeal cancer could be treated less aggressively because of better survival compared to cancers of the oropharynx unrelated to HPV. Key findings in the field of cervical cancer prevention should now be translated in cost\u2010effective strategies, following an organized approach integrating primary and secondary prevention, according to scientific evidence but adapted to the local situation with particular attention to regions with the highest burden of disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.27650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,24]],"date-time":"2012-05-24T15:29:52Z","timestamp":1337873392000},"page":"1969-1982","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":209,"title":["EUROGIN 2011 roadmap on prevention and treatment of HPV\u2010related disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Marc","family":"Arbyn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"de 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