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Leukemia treatment would benefit from a better understanding of molecular signals that are necessary for the survival of leukemia\u2010initiating cells but dispensable for normal hematopoietic stem cells. Leukemia\u2010initiating cells in CML can arise from myeloid progenitor cells, a population that we have reported in normal hematopoiesis to depend on the RNA\u2010editing enzyme adenosine deaminase acting on RNA\u20101 (ADAR1). We now report that Bcr\u2010Abl transformed leukemic cells were ADAR1\u2010dependent in a conditional ADAR1 knockout mouse model. ADAR1 deletion reversed leukocytosis and splenomegaly, and preferentially depleted primitive Lin\u2010Sca+Kit+ (LSK) leukemic cells but not LSK cells lacking the leukemic oncoprotein. ADAR1 deletion ultimately normalized the peripheral white blood count, eliminating leukemic cells as assessed by PCR. These results uncover a novel requirement for ADAR1 in myeloid leukemic cells and indicate that ADAR1 may comprise a new molecular target for CML\u2010directed therapeutics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.27851","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,18]],"date-time":"2012-09-18T10:45:08Z","timestamp":1347965108000},"page":"1741-1750","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Deletion of the RNA\u2010editing enzyme ADAR1 causes regression of established chronic myelogenous leukemia in mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Steinman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maura","family":"Gasparetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa 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