{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T11:55:10Z","timestamp":1790942110942,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,13]],"date-time":"2013-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1360713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Although alpha\u2010fetoprotein (AFP) is currently the major serologic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), it cannot efficiently distinguish this cancer from other forms of liver disease in early diagnosis due to its low sensitivity. The aim of this study is to compare sensitivity and specificity of human carboxylesterase 1 (hCE1) and AFP biomarker. Antibody\u2010based assays for hCE1 and AFP were used to test both biomarkers with respect to diagnostic efficiency, Youden's index and the area under the curve (AUC) through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis in plasma from 208 patients with HCC (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =57), liver cirrhosis (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =27), chronic hepatitis (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =37), cholangiocarcinoma (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =22), gastric cancer (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =31) and pancreatic cancer (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =34), along with 52 healthy donors (HDs). The levels of hCE1 were significantly higher in patients with HCC than HDs and the other diseases (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.005), further verified by AUC values and Youden's index. In the set of HCC versus liver cirrhosis the AUC values were 0.744 (AFP), 0.918 (hCE1) and 0.938 (combination of AFP and hCE1), respectively. These results indicate that hCE1 is not only a more potent and specific marker in distinguishing cancer from liver diseases, in particular cirrhosis, but the combination of hCE1 and AFP shows also synergistic potential for greater sensitivity and specificity in early diagnosis. Therefore the antibody\u2010based hCE1 assay appears to have high diagnostic efficiency for discriminating HCC from other forms of liver disease. It is now feasible to further validate this novel plasma\u2010based biomarker in the large cohort we assembled.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,15]],"date-time":"2013-01-15T01:37:15Z","timestamp":1358213835000},"page":"408-415","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Human liver carboxylesterase 1 outperforms alpha\u2010fetoprotein as biomarker to discriminate hepatocellular carcinoma from other liver diseases in Korean patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Keun","family":"Na","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yonsei Proteome Reasearch Center Yonsei University Seoul Korea"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Functional Genomics Yonsei University Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seul\u2010Ki","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yonsei Proteome Reasearch Center Yonsei University Seoul Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology Yonsei University Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Jung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yonsei Proteome Reasearch Center Yonsei University Seoul Korea"},{"name":"Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science World Class University Program Yonsei University Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Yun","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yonsei Proteome Reasearch Center Yonsei University Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sun A","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min\u2010Ji","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si Young","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoguen","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung Sik","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun Woong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Chung\u2010Ang University College of Medicine Seoul 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