{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T11:41:09Z","timestamp":1790077269914,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,27]],"date-time":"2013-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1361923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>An infectious etiology for bladder cancer has long been suspected. Merkel cell virus (MCV), BKV and JCV polyomaviruses are possible causative agents but data remain scarce. Therefore, we evaluated the seroresponse to these three polyomaviruses in association with bladder cancer risk. 1,135 incident bladder cancer subjects from five Spanish regions and 982 hospital controls matched by sex, age and region were included. 99% of cases were urothelial\u2010cell carcinomas. Antibody response against MCV, BKV and JCV was measured by enzyme immunoassay using Virus\u2010Like\u2010Particles. Our results show a similar seroprevalence in cases and controls<jats:bold>:<\/jats:bold> 64\/60% for BKV, 83\/82% for MCV and 87\/83% for JCV. However, among seropositive subjects, higher median seroreactivities were observed in cases compared to controls for BKV (0.84 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 0.70, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010value\u2009=\u20090.009) and MCV (1.81 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 0.65, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010value\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Increased bladder cancer risk was observed for BKV (OR\u2009=\u20091.4, 95%CI 1.04\u20131.8) and for MCV (OR\u2009=\u20091.5, 95%CI 1.2\u20131.9), when comparing highest to lowest seroreactivity tertiles. The associations of BKV and MCV with bladder cancer were independent of each other and neither smoking status nor disease stage and grade modified them. Furthermore, no association was observed between seroresponse to JCV and bladder cancer. Therefore, we conclude that BKV and MCV polyomavirus infection could be related to an increased bladder cancer risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,25]],"date-time":"2013-01-25T17:28:44Z","timestamp":1359134924000},"page":"597-603","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Bladder cancer and seroreactivity to BK, JC and Merkel cell polyomaviruses: The Spanish bladder cancer study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Claudia","family":"Robles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infections and Cancer (UNIC) Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL 08908 L' Hospitalet de Llobregat Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphael","family":"Viscidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology Department of Pediatrics Johns Hopkins University School 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Universitario de Canarias 38320 La Laguna Tenerife Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Consol","family":"Serra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consorci Hospitalari Parc Taul\u00ed 08208 Sabadell Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Carrato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General Universitario de Elche 03203 Elche Spain"},{"name":"Hospital Ramon y Cajal 28034 Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Herranz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group 28029 Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josep","family":"Lloreta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM) 08003 Barcelona 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