{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T16:14:24Z","timestamp":1790957664923,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,16]],"date-time":"2013-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1379289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries (LMICs) are undergoing an increase in incidence of breast cancer, but have inadequate resources to implement mammographic screening. Clinical breast examination (CBE) has been suggested as an alternative to mammography in these settings. We compared the results of CBE screening by 47 midwives and 15 trained lay health workers to results of independently performed mammographic screening in an unscreened population of 1,179 women in Jakarta, Indonesia. Two hundred and eight\u2010nine (24.5%) of the screened women had a suspicious finding on CBE and\/or mammography. Sixty\u2010nine (23.9%) of these women had both an abnormal CBE and mammogram; 98 (33.9%) had an abnormal CBE, but a normal mammogram; and 122 (42.2%) had a normal CBE and an abnormal mammogram. Fourteen breast cancers were diagnosed. Of these, 13 were identified by both mammogram and CBE. One breast cancer was identified from an abnormal mammogram, but had a normal CBE. One hundred and sixty\u2010seven (14.2%) of the CBEs required additional work\u2010up to diagnose 13 of the 14 cancers detected by mammography. In comparison, 191 (16.2%) of mammograms required additional work\u2010up to diagnose the 14 cancers. Unfortunately, only 42.8% of the women diagnosed with cancer returned for treatment. In an unscreened population in LMICs such as Indonesia, CBE is nearly as effective as mammography in detecting prevalent breast cancers. However identifying and overcoming barriers to appropriate treatment of women who are identified as having breast cancer are essential to the success of any screening program.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,19]],"date-time":"2013-08-19T15:34:07Z","timestamp":1376926447000},"page":"1250-1255","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Short report: Limited effectiveness of screening mammography in addition to clinical breast examination by trained nurse midwives in rural Jakarta, Indonesia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Kardinah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Center Dharmais Hospital Jakarta Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin O.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Breast Health Global Initiative Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle WA USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Washington, School of Medicine Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Duggan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Breast Health Global Initiative Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle WA USA"},{"name":"Program in Epidemiology Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim A","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Breast Health Global Initiative Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David B","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Breast Health Global Initiative Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle WA USA"},{"name":"Program in Epidemiology Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","article-title":"GLOBOCAN 2008 v2.0, Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide: IARC CancerBase No. 10 [Internet]","volume":"2012","author":"Ferlay J","year":"2010","journal-title":"Section of Cancer Information (30\/11\/2012)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-10-200911170-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-10-0437"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(08)70179-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2012.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-007-9454-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/92.18.1490"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","volume-title":"International Agency for Research on Cancer and the World Health Organization, 2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21343"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24840"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000113934"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18356\/fdcff8d6-en"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"2943","article-title":"Comparison of breast cancer in Indonesia and Malaysia\u2014a clinico\u2010pathological study between Dharmais Cancer Centre Jakarta and University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur","volume":"12","author":"Ng CH","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","volume-title":"UN World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision","author":"United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","volume-title":"Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System Atlas (BI\u2010RADS Atlas)ed","author":"American College of Radiology (ACR)","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djh333"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.10091881"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"CD001877","article-title":"Screening for breast cancer with mammography","author":"Gotzsche PC","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane database of systematic reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4741.9.s2.10.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-120-4-199402150-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","first-page":"1816","article-title":"Physical examination. 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