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In a population\u2010based Danish cohort of 29,875 women aged 50\u201364 years at enrolment in 1993\u20131997, we identified 1219 incident, postmenopausal breast cancer cases during follow\u2010up through 2010. Mean follow\u2010up time was 12.3 years. Road traffic and railway noise was calculated for all present and historical residential addresses from 1987 to 2010. We used Cox proportional hazard model for analyses and adjusted for hormone replacement therapy use, parity, alcohol consumption and other potential confounders. We found no overall association between residential road traffic or railway noise and breast cancer risk. Among women with estrogen receptor negative breast cancer, a 10\u2010dB higher level of road traffic noise (continuous scale) during the previous 1, 5 and 10 years were associated with 28% (95% CI: 1.04\u20131.56), 23% (95% CI: 1.00\u20131.51) and 20% (95% CI: 0.97\u20131.48) higher risks of estrogen receptor negative breast cancer, respectively, in fully adjusted models. Similarly, a 10\u2010dB increase in railway noise (1\u2010year mean at diagnosis address) increased risk for estrogen receptor negative breast cancer by 38% (95% CI: 1.01\u20131.89). There was no association between road traffic or railway noise and estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. In conclusion, these results suggest that residential road traffic and railway noise may increase risk of estrogen receptor negative breast cancer. As the first study on traffic noise and breast cancer results should be treated with caution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,8]],"date-time":"2013-11-08T19:40:27Z","timestamp":1383939627000},"page":"2691-2698","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Exposure to road traffic and railway noise and postmenopausal breast cancer: A cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Mette","family":"S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Cancer Society Research Centre Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Ketzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science Aarhus University Roskilde Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Overvad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Epidemiology, Department 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