{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T18:15:38Z","timestamp":1759774538850},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,6]],"date-time":"2014-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Topical application of the alpha adrenergic vasoconstrictors norepinephrine, phenylephrine or epinephrine to skin or mucosa in alcohol:water\u2010based delivery vehicles minutes before irradiation has recently been shown to protect skin and mucosa cells against radiotherapy\u2010induced toxicities in both preclinical and clinical studies. The protective mechanism is thought to involve transient skin or mucosal vasoconstriction with secondary, transient hypoxia and associated radioprotection. Regarding possible protection of tumor cell nests within the radiotherapy field, the endothelial cell\u2010abnormal stroma constructed blood vessels generally found in human tumors commonly lack adrenergic receptor\u2010containing smooth muscle cells that are required to achieve vasoconstriction. Consistent with this, we show here that topical application of norepinephrine or phenylephrine to broken or intact skin over human Cal\u201027 or A\u2010431 xeonograft, or mouse solid L1210 allograft tumors growing subcutaneously in nude mice, showed no effect upon radiation\u2010induced tumor growth inhibition. Although vasoconstrictor\u2010induced nude mouse skin blanch was seen minutes after topical application of 600 mM norepinephrine, no blanching was seen within the A\u2010431 xenograft tumors. Radiation dermatitis was severe 11 days post\u2010irradiation (2 \u00d7 13.8 Gy) in the irradiated field containing xenograft tumors in mice that received topical delivery vehicle, but was absent in mice that received topical norepinephrine. Topical vasoconstrictor\u2010conferred prevention of radiation dermatitis without discernible radioprotection of three histologically diverse xenograft or allograft tumors supports further development of the topical vasoconstrictor therapeutic strategy in humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,27]],"date-time":"2014-01-27T17:45:20Z","timestamp":1390844720000},"page":"981-988","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Effect of topical vasoconstrictor exposure upon tumoricidal radiotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"William E.","family":"Fahl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center Madison WI"},{"name":"ProCertus BioPharm Inc. 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