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A normal range was established (0\u20102.14 ng\/ml) using healthy non\u2010smoking females. In an expanded analysis by disease state, PAP levels were found to be elevated significantly (p&lt;0.02) in the smoking groups of each category. This isoenzyme, when detected at elevated serum levels by RIA, was enzymatically active in 48% of the patients as analyzed by immunoenzymatic assay. One smoker with high PAP levels discontinued smoking following a myocardial infarction. Her PAP levels returned to normal within 2 months.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910310109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,19]],"date-time":"2007-02-19T19:11:20Z","timestamp":1171912280000},"page":"51-53","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Elevation of serum placental alkaline phosphatase levels in cigarette smokers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Susan E.","family":"Tonik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann E.","family":"Ortmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey E.","family":"Shindelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Howard H.","family":"Sussman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196108102650601"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197902223000801"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"72","article-title":"Plasma proteins of the bronchoalveolar surface of the lungs of smokers and nonsmokers","volume":"124","author":"Bell D. 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