{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T02:41:49Z","timestamp":1761100909827},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,18]],"date-time":"2006-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1153180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8404,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Following the injection of B16 melanoma cells into the portal veins of mice, all animals developed liver tumors, but only 16% developed lung tumors. Portal vein injections of radiolabelled B16 and Walker 256 cancer cells into mice and rats, respectively, revealed that all of the cells were temporarily arrested in the liver and most were then slowly released. Bioassays indicated that of 8 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup> B16 cells released from the liver over 24 h after portal vein injections of 10<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup> cells, only approximately 1% were delivered to the lungs in a viable state. Experiments made with radiolabelled B16 cells showed that transit through either the liver or lungs following portal vein or tail vein injections, respectively, resulted in massive death of cancer cells. It is suggested that the death of most circulating cancer cells passing through the first organ <jats:italic>encountered<\/jats:italic> after leaving their primary tumor, serves to severely limit their further direct spread to other organs. It is therefore expected that metastases to these other organs would, to a large extent, be generated by cancer cells from metastases in the \u201cfirst organs\u201d as distinct from direct seeding from cancer cells released from the primary tumor. If the results of the present experiments have general application, they serve to emphasize the importance of metastasis of metastases in the natural history of the spread of cancer. In a previous publication (Weiss, 1980), studies of lung\u2010to\u2010liver traffic of cancer cells in rats revealed that, after tail vein injections, most Walker 256 cells were temporarily arrested in the pulmonary vasculature and then slowly released. A large proportion of the released cancer cells were dead or lethally injured on release from the lungs, and this \u201cfirst organ processing\u201d apparently accounted for the comparative rarity of extrapulmonary tumors following tail vein injections. In this communication, the concept of \u201cfirst organ processing\u201d of circulating cancer cells is further examined with respect to the liver\u2010to\u2010lung traffic of B16 melanoma and Walker 256 cells injected into the portal veins of mice or rats respectively. Both of these cell types grow well in the lungs following tail\u2010vein injection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910320113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,19]],"date-time":"2007-02-19T19:32:53Z","timestamp":1171913573000},"page":"79-83","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Liver\u2010to\u2010lung traffic of cancer cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Leonard","family":"Weiss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pamela M.","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janet C.","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"512","article-title":"Quantitation of cell shedding into efferent blood of mammary adenocarcinoma","volume":"35","author":"Butler T. 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A.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Bone metastasis","author":"Onuigbo W. I.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1974.68"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/1781391a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"311","volume-title":"Fundamental aspects of metastasis","author":"Sato H.","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"142","volume-title":"Pulmonary metastasis","author":"Viadana E.","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"26","volume-title":"Pulmonary metastasis","author":"Wallace A. C.","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910250313"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"126","volume-title":"Liver metastasis","author":"Weiss L.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weiss L. andGlaves D. Cancer cell damage at the vascular endothelium.Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. in press (1983).","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1983.tb35220.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"Weiss L. Voit A. andLane W. W. Metastatic patterns in patients with carcinomas of the lower esophagus and upper rectum.Invasion Metastasis.In press (1983)."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fijc.2910320113","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ijc.2910320113","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T07:31:14Z","timestamp":1697787074000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ijc.2910320113"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1983,7,15]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,7,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ijc.2910320113"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.2910320113","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7136","1097-0215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7136","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1983,7,15]]}}}