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Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) isolated from patients with adult T\u2010cell leukemia\/lymphoma (ATL) did not express viral antigens of HTLV, but PBL that had been cultured for 2 days did express these viral antigens. Most parts of the <jats:italic>gag, pol<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>env<\/jats:italic> regions of the HTLV provirus in PBL isolated from 12 ATL patients and PBL cultured for 2 days were hypermethylated as reported by others. In contrast, in 10 established cell lines that harbored HTLV genomes and expressed viral antigens, HTLV proviruses were hypomethylated. In one cell line, ATL\u2010IK, which harbored an HTLV genome but did not produce viral antigens, the <jats:italic>gag, pol<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>env<\/jats:italic> regions were hypermethylated. However, two Hpall sites, one in the middle of the <jats:italic>gag<\/jats:italic> region and the other in the middle of the <jats:italic>pol<\/jats:italic> region, were not methylated even in PBL from most ATL patients. Furthermore, the pX and LTR regions were hypomethylated not only in established cell lines but also in PBL of ATL patients. The hypomethylation of the pX and LTR regions detected in fresh leukemic cells of ATL patients may have some etiological significance in cell transformation by controlling the level of transcription of these regions, or modulating the binding of some factors to these regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910350510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,19]],"date-time":"2007-02-19T20:13:41Z","timestamp":1171916021000},"page":"629-635","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Methylation pattern of human T\u2010cell leukemia virus <i>in vivo<\/i> and <i>in vitro<\/i>: pX and LTR regions are hypomethylated <i>in vivo<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Toshio","family":"Kitamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masako","family":"Takano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroo","family":"Hoshino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunitada","family":"Shimotohno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masanori","family":"Shimoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masanao","family":"Miwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumimaro","family":"Takaku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Sugimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/307503a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)90056-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910300302"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.250.8.1074"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(82)92200-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.81.7.1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(84)90120-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6262918"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/296602a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/301032a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6276975"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.50.1.267-270.1984","article-title":"Transcriptional control of the bovine leukemia virus genome: role and characterization of a non\u2010Immunoglobulin plasma protein from bovine leukemia virus\u2010Infected cattle","volume":"50","author":"Gupta P.","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. 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