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Sixty\u2010six percent of cervical cancer patients from Herrera Province were alive and were contacted by the study team; of these 91% were successfully interviewed and provided serum specimens. The total study encompassed 156\/169 surviving patients and 309 age\u2010neighborhood matched controls. Sexual promiscuity was uncommon, but it exerted a major effect, with those reporting 4 or more life\u2010time sex partners being at a 4\u2010fold excess risk compared to those reporting only one partner. First intercourse at a young age was common (21% began sexual activity prior to age 16) but it failed to alter risk once number of partners was taken into account. Oral contraceptive use was associated with a 2\u2010fold excess risk and this was not substantially affected by controlling for sexual parameters. Thirty\u2010three percent of the study subjects had anti\u2010herpes\u2010simplex type\u20102 antibody as measured by both neutralization and radioimmunoassays. Although results of the neutralization test were not predictive of risk, women with a radioimmunoassay indicative of HSV\u20102 infection were at a 40% excess risk for cervical cancer after adjustment for sexual characteristics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910360110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,19]],"date-time":"2007-02-19T20:12:54Z","timestamp":1171915974000},"page":"55-60","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Case control study of cervical cancer in Herrera Province, Republic of Panama"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"William C.","family":"Reeves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louise A.","family":"Brinton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria M.","family":"Brenes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evelia","family":"Quiroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William M.","family":"Rawls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosa C.","family":"De Britton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910340103"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"910","article-title":"Coitus and cancer","volume":"52","author":"Aurelian L.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Bull. 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