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Fourteen of these patients (39%) were shown to have monoclonal integration of HTLV\u2010I proviral DNA in their blood lymphocytes, a condition designated as \u201csmouldering\u201d adult T\u2010cell leukaemia (ATL). Monoclonal integration of proviral DNA correlated with an increased CD4\/CD8 ratio and the presence of abnormal lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, and with a trend for greater severity of the parasitic infection. Although the immunodeficiency caused by HTLV\u2010I could predispose to hyper infestation by <jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic>, it is also possible that both the parasitic and the retroviral infestations are important co\u2010factors leading to the development of ATL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910400203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,19]],"date-time":"2007-02-19T21:10:17Z","timestamp":1171919417000},"page":"145-148","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Monoclonal integration of HTLV\u2010I proviral DNA in patients with strongyloidiasis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Nakada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Furugen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Nakasone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Nakasone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Oshiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Kohakura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Hinuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Seiki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Matutes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Catovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Ishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Takatsuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19860815)58:4<903::AID-CNCR2820580417>3.0.CO;2-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(82)92200-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"2849","article-title":"Human T\u2010Cell leukaemia\u2010Lymphoma virus type I and adult T\u2010Cell leukaemia\u2010Lymphoma in Okinawa","volume":"45","author":"Clark J. 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