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Eleven patients on oral ACV were followed prospectively before, during and for 2 weeks after treatment. As expected, the low levels of EBV shedding in these virus carriers (measured as cord\u2010blood lymphocyte transforming activity in throat washings) were eliminated during the period of ACV treatment and returned at later times. Over the same period, however, the frequency of virus\u2010infected B cells in the blood (measured by spontaneous transformation in limiting dilution assay) remained completely unchanged. Regression assays showed that these same patients had normal levels of EBV\u2010specific cytotoxic T\u2010cell immunity, so that the <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> persistence of virus\u2010infected B cells could not be ascribed to a defect in T\u2010cell surveillance. We infer that the <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> half\u2010life of the virus\u2010infected B\u2010cell pool in long\u2010term virus carriers is measured in months rather than days. We further suggest that such persistence requires a novel form of virus: B\u2010cell interaction distinct from the type of \u201clatent\u201d infection displayed by <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\u2010transformed cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910430115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,19]],"date-time":"2007-02-19T21:12:56Z","timestamp":1171919576000},"page":"67-71","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":135,"title":["Epstein\u2010barr virus\u2010infected b cells persist in the circulation of acyclovir\u2010treated virus carriers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Q. Y.","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Ogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Rowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. 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