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We also interviewed 110 mothers of patients under 45 and 139 mothers of controls who were matched to patients under age 45, to obtain information on childhood exposures of study subjects. Occupational exposure to products of combustion (RR = 2.4, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.001) and cotton dust (RR = 0.3, P = 0.01) was independently related to risk of NPC. Use of tobacco products showed a moderate association with NPC; a lifetime exposure of 30+ pack\u2010year equivalents conferred a 2\u2010fold increased risk. A history of chronic ear or nose condition (rhinitis, sinusitis, nasal polyp, otitis media) was another risk factor for NPC (RR = 2.2, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0005), and 18 cases compared to 3 controls had a first\u2010degree relative with NPC (RR = 6.0, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.001).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910450609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,19]],"date-time":"2007-02-19T21:54:30Z","timestamp":1171922070000},"page":"1033-1039","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":124,"title":["Occupational and other non\u2010dietary risk factors for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Guangzhou, China"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Mimi C.","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David H.","family":"Garabrant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teng\u2010Bo","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian E.","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"2967","article-title":"Salted fish and inhalants as risk factors for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Malaysian Chinese","volume":"43","author":"Armstrong R. 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