{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:52:04Z","timestamp":1787169124228,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,18]],"date-time":"2006-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1153180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5447,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,8,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The relationship between use of oral contraceptives (OCs) and other contraceptive methods and the risk of ovarian cancer was examined in a combined analysis of 3 hospital\u2010based case\u2010control studies conducted in Italy, the United Kingdom, and Greece, for a total of 971 ovarian cancer cases and 2,258 controls under age 65. Compared with never\u2010users, the combined multivariate relative risk (RR) for ever\u2010users was 0.6 (95% confidence interval, CI = 0.4\u20100.8) and the estimates were consistent in the 3 datasets. The protection was also similar across strata of age and parity. Considering various measures of OC use, available in the Italian and British data\u2010sets only, the protection conveyed on ovarian cancer risk increased with the duration of use and persisted in the medium\u2010long period: the RR in women reporting their last OC use \u226715 years prior to diagnosis was 0.5 (95% CI = 0.2\u20101.0). The risks in ever\u2010users were appreciably lower in those women who reported their first OC use before 25 years of age (RR = 0.3 for first use before age 25. 0.8 for first use at age 25\u201034 and 0.7 at 35 years or after). Such findings emerged similarly from Italian and British data. This combined analysis, besides offering further quantitative estimates of the protective effects of OCs on ovarian cancer risk in European populations, provides useful insights into the time pattern of the relationship between OC use and ovarian carcinogenesis, suggesting that the protection persists for 15 years or more after cessation of use and may be larger for use at younger age.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910490112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,19]],"date-time":"2007-02-19T17:19:42Z","timestamp":1171905582000},"page":"61-65","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":112,"title":["Pooled analysis of 3 european case\u2010control studies of epithelial ovarian cancer: III. 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