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AR mRNA, measured by Northern analysis in 18 cell lines, was found to be expressed predominantly in oestrogen\u2010 and progesterone\u2010receptor\u2010positive (ER<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, PR<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) lines as a single species of approximately 10.5 kb but was also comparatively abundant in I ER\u2010 and PR\u2010negative cell line, MDA\u2010MB\u2010453. Dexamethasone (Dex), Organon 2058 (Org 2058), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and all\u2010<jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>\u2010retinoic acid (RA) down\u2010regulated AR mRNA levels in T\u201047D (ER<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, PR<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) cells 6 hr after treatment, whereas oestradiol (E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) had no effect. In MDA\u2010MB\u2010453 (ER<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>, PR<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>) cells, regulation of AR mRNA by RA differed from the other cell lines: RA increased the level of AR mRNA. DHT\u2010binding assays indicated a corresponding increase in AR protein. Transfection of the androgen\u2010responsive mouse mammary tumour virus long\u2010terminal repeat (MMTV LTR) linked to a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene was used to examine the effect of altered AR levels on androgen action. The increased level of AR following RA pre\u2010treatment in MDA\u2010MB\u2010453 cells resulted in enhanced induction of CAT activity by DHT and, conversely, a decrease in the level of AR following RA pretreatment in T\u201047D cells resulted in reduced induction of CAT activity by DHT. These data demonstrate that AR is expressed predominantly in ER<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and PR<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cell lines and its expression is regulated by ligands also known to regulate ER or PR, including progestins and retinoids. Androgen responsiveness measured by a transfected reporter gene was altered according to the extent of up\u2010 or down\u2010regulation of AR expression, demonstrating that responsiveness is dependent on receptor concentration. \u00a9 1992 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910520518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,19]],"date-time":"2007-02-19T22:48:04Z","timestamp":1171925284000},"page":"778-784","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Regulation of androgen receptor gene expression by steroids and retinoic acid in human breast\u2010cancer cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Rosemary E.","family":"Hall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wayne D.","family":"Tilley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"McPhaul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert L.","family":"Sutherland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/mend-3-9-1377"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/mend-4-6-821"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"1447","article-title":"Distribution, frequency, and quantitative analysis of estrogen, progesterone, androgen and glucocorticoid receptors in human breast cancer","volume":"39","author":"Allegra J. 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