{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T05:52:32Z","timestamp":1698213152518},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,17]],"date-time":"2006-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1153094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4232,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We evaluated the presence and distribution of transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b21 (TGF\u2010\u03b21) in breast cyst fluid (BCF), and its relationship with intracystic epidermal growth factor (EGF). EGF and TGF\u2010\u03b21 were determined by radioimmunoassay on 47 BCFs (27 of the Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> &lt;3 type and 20 of the Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> &gt;3 type). As expected, EGF levels were inversely correlated with the Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> ratio, and were consequently higher in Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> &lt;3 cysts as compared with Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> &gt;3 cysts, (p &lt; 0.005). By contrast, TGF\u2010\u03b21 levels were directly correlated with the Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> ratio (p &lt; 0.01), being higher in Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> &gt;3 cysts, though not significantly (p = 0.057). A significant negative relationship was found between EGF and TGF\u2010\u03b21 concentration. When the analysis was performed separately in the 2 cyst sub\u2010populations, EGF and TGF\u2010\u03b21 were found to be negatively and significantly correlated in Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> &lt;3 cysts only (p &lt; 0.01). Our results demonstrate that Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> &lt;3 cysts contain high levels of EGF, a growth\u2010stimulating factor, and very low levels of TGF\u2010\u03b21, a growth\u2010inhibiting factor. This may provide an explanation for the higher risk of breast cancer observed in women with Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> &lt;3 cysts. Our results also suggest that EGF accumulation in this type of cysts might be regulated by TGF\u2010\u03b21.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910590602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,20]],"date-time":"2007-02-20T00:42:22Z","timestamp":1171932142000},"page":"725-727","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Presence of immunoassayable transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b21 (tgf\u2010\u03b21) in breast cyst fluid (BCF): Relationship with the intracystic electrolyte and epidermal\u2010growth\u2010factor (EGF) content"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Zanard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Pensa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Torrisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"De Franchis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Barreca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Minuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Boccardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910470409"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"5860","article-title":"Epidermal growth factor in breast cyst fluid: relationship with intracystic cation and androgen\u2010conjugate content","volume":"48","author":"Boccardo F.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1991.433"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"4261","article-title":"Induction of transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b21 in human breast cancer. in vivo following tamoxifen treatment","volume":"52","author":"Butta A.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-5379(90)90074-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"3728","article-title":"Presence of \u03b1\u2010lactalbumin, epidermal growth factor, epithelial membrane antigen and gross cystic disease fluid protein (15,000 daltons) in breast cyst fluid","volume":"46","author":"Collette J.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-5379(85)90289-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800701012"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198501173120303"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01832352"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"55","volume-title":"Breast carcinoma, risk and detection","author":"Haagensen C. 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